Ethereum to solve blockchain trilemma says Buterin

Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin said the network has effectively solved the blockchain trilemma through recent and upcoming upgrades.

Buterin highlighted PeerDAS and Zero-Knowledge Ethereum Virtual Machines as key technologies balancing scalability, security and decentralisation.

Now, Ethereum with PeerDAS and ZK-EVMs, we get decentralised consensus with high bandwidth.

Vitalik Buterin said.

He added that the trilemma has been solved with live code already running on the Ethereum mainnet.

PeerDAS, introduced with the Fusaka upgrade in December, significantly increases Ethereum’s data-handling capacity.

ZK-EVMs are compatible with existing Ethereum infrastructure and zero-knowledge proofs, but remain in an early security phase.

Buterin said ZK-EVMs are performance-ready but need further safety improvements before full adoption.

He outlined a four-year roadmap for ZK-EVMs to become the primary method for validating Ethereum blocks.

According to Buterin, incremental gas limit increases and protocol changes are expected between 2026 and 2030.